Dēnkard (Acts of the religion), written in Pahlavi, is a summary of 10th-century knowledge of the Mazdean religion and is described by Jean de Menasce on the title page of his translation as a ‘Mazdean encyclopedia.’ The Dēnkard VI (Book VI of the Dēnkard) is representative of late antique and early medieval Zoroastrian ethical ideas. This article analyzes Book VI of the Dēnkard based on modern moral philosophy and introduces it as a candidate for early consequentialism and capitalism. The first generation of Iranian studies scholars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries such as Buch, Darmesteter, and Menant were aware of these concepts and even explained some of them, but the next generation did not take them seriously. This article also analyzes paymān (the ‘right measure’), that is the ancient Iranian ‘golden mean,’ in Book VI of the Dēnkard and shows the similarities and differences between paymān and the Aristotelian ‘golden mean.’ Probably, due to the biblical tradition in the interpretation of ancient religious texts or the anti-utilitarianism and anti-capitalism atmosphere in the second half of the 20th century, many scholars like Shaked inclined to the view that paymān is the main ethical principle of the Dēnkard VI and neglected its consequentialist and capitalist concepts.

Objective: The aim of present study was to compaire the mental health, coping strategies and well- being between Mother with physically handicap and normal children. Method: The sample size consisted 100 Mother (50 Mother of boy and girl 7- 11 age children with physically handicapted and 50 Mother with normal children) that has selected by cluster sampling method from school of physically handicapted children in Tehran and compare with Mother of normal childen that was same in education, age and location of living. Our data has collected by andler and parker Coping inrentory, Goldberg mental health questionary and Oxfor happiness questionary. Result: The f indings of reaserch showed that there is significant difference between mental health, coping strategies and well being in Mother with physically handicap and Mother of normal children, and there is positive significant relation between Task-oriented coping and mental health and well being.Conclusion: Mother with physically handicap children had lower degree of mental health and wellbeing, and use Emotional coping and avoidence coping more than Mother with normal children, that is related with lower mental health and well-being.

The aim of this study is to investigate effectiveness of the Islamic parenting skills approach on improving the quality of Mother-child relationship and psychological well-being and maternal self-efficacy of Mothers who have primary school children. This was an applied quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test. The Intended sample was selected by the availability sampling among the Mothers. These 90 subjects were virtual and available selection assigned to two groups of 45 controls and experiments. Due to the drop in subjects, the study ended with 30 people in the control group and 30 people in the experimental group. Research tools consisted of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1994), Psychological well-Being Questionnaire (Riff's, 2002) and Parenting Self-Agency Measure (Dumka et. al, 1996). Covariance analysis was applied for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that Islamic parenting program had a significant positive effect (p≤ 0. 001), in all subscales of the parent-child relationship questionnaire (dependency, conflict and overall positive relationship) except for the proximity subscale also in all subscales of psychological well-being (independence, personal growth, positive communication with others, purposefulness and self-acceptance) except for dominating the environment and this program significantly increased parental self-efficacy (p≤ 0. 001). Thus, the main research question that was the effectiveness of the Islamic parenting program on improving the quality of the Mother and primary school child relationship and improving the levels of maternal mental health and parental self-efficacy, was confirmed. it is suggested applying this intervention attempt to help Mothers to improve their quality of communication with their children, psychological well-being and parental self-efficacy.

The late twentieth century has seen an upsurge of Gothic studies in literature. Ellen Mores is a feminist who has coined the term Female Gothic in order to distinguish between male authors and female authors of Gothic and their differences. This has created much controversy over such a category and the issue that Ann Radcliffe is a proto-feminist. Some critics disagree and believe that she is mostly a misogynist. The aim of this paper is to use Jungian archetypal psychoanalysis and analyze Radcliffe’s The Italian. Jungian psychology investigates the Parental roots in archetypal psychoanalysis and their relationship to the child. According to Jung unconscious is the realm of the Mother, the unknown, the world of instincts. Consciousness is the world of father, the known and familiar, the world of knowledge and reason. The Italian is filled with symbolism and symbolic elements. The Mother-daughter relationship, both rivalry and friendship, is central to the novel. The Novel’s heroine starts a journey to find her Mother because of her third type of Mother-complex which is “identity with Mother”. In this type of Mother complex, the daughter needs a Mother to look up to and identify with to be able to marry. In The Italian, an absentee Mother creates a lack and sends forth the daughter on an unconscious journey to find her Mother. In the end while Radcliffean heroine in The Italian is looking unconsciously for her Mother and therefore the lost Matriarchy, she consciously accepts an ideal Patriarchy.